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| History: | Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661 (Medina, Kufa) Umayyad Caliphate, 660-750 (Damascus, Cordoba) The Caliphate in Hispania Islamic Abbasid Caliphate, 750-1258 (Baghdad) |
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| Political order: | Feudal |
| Governor: | calif |
| Languages: | Arabic Armenian Berber Greek Georgian Turkish |
| General religion: | Islam |
| Form of government: | Caliphate |
| Territorial system: | Sovereign state |